TOMATO VEN NANA IPM

             

I. TOMATO TICHHETUTE

A. India ram pum huapa Tomato eichhetu rannung, natna, thlai rulhut leh hnim:

1. Rannung

     (1) Tomato rah khertu pangang, (Fruit borer)

     (2) Tomato dawttu rannung var, te tak te te (Whitefly)

     (3) Tomato hnah hreuh kikawia tirangtu (Leaf Miner)

2. Natna

     (1) Tomato tiak thi (Damping off)

     (2) Tomato hnah kir (Leaf curl virus)

     (3) Tomato hnah no rau (Early blight)

     (4) Tomato hnah chang rau ( Late blight)

     (5) Tomato vuai/thi (Bacterial wilt)

     (6) Tomato vuai/thi (Fusarium wilt)

3. Thlai rulhut:

     (1) Tomato zung sawrbawk (Root knot nematode)

     (2) Tomato thangtheilo (Reniform nematode)

4. Hnim:

     Tomato chinna hmun azirin hnim chi hrang hrang a awm. Hnim/hlo hi hetiang hian then a ni:- hnah sin (thang, di, kaihphihrit) phungladin, hnahbial, a zam chi.

5. Sazu:

     Sazu chi hrang hrang a awm.

B. Mizorama Tomato eichhetu rannung, natna leh sazu.

1. Rannung:

     (1) Tomato rah khertu pangang (Fruit borer)

     (2) Tomato (hnah) dawttu ke 8 nei, maimawm te (mites)

     (3) Tomato kung sehchhumtu pangang (Cutworm)

     (4) Tomato dawttu katnelh ( Leaf hopper)

     (5) Tomato dawttu rannungvar (Whitefly)

     (6) Tomato hnah hreuh rangtu ( Leaf miner)

2. Natna

     (1) Tomato tiak thi ( Damping off)

     (2) Tomato hnah kir ( Leaf curl virus)

     (3) Tomato hnah no rau (Early blight)

     (4) Tomato hnah chang rau ( Late blight)

     (5) Tomato kung leh a rah pan ( Canker)

     (6) Vutbuak natna (Powdery mildew)

3. Sazu:

     Sazu chi hrang hrang a awm.

Source
Ziaktu : C. Lalnithanga, APPO
Bu hming : Loneitu Thian (IPM)
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Page 167-176

II. TOMATO EICHHETU RANNUNG, NATNA, LEH RANNUNG THA THLITHLAI

A. AGRO ECO SYSTEMANALYSIS (AESA):

      Hmun dangah AESA chu chipchiar taka tarlan a ni. AESA-a tihtur te chu.

     (1) Tomato tiah hlim atanga a rah thlenga a hrisel dan

     (2) Rannungin an ei hnu leh natna-in a tlakbuak hnua tomato insiamthat leh theih dan.

     (3) Tomato eichhetu rannung leh rannungtha intam hleih dan.

     (4) Leichu a thur nge a al, a hnawng nge a ro, balu lei nge lei changtual.

     (5) Boruak Sik leh sa awm dan, khua alum nge a vawt, ni a sa nge ruah a sur.

     (6) Tuhhma atanga loneitu tawn hriat.

B. Tomato hmun tlawh

     Tomato chingtu, loneitu chuan eng ang rannungin nge tomato eia, eng ang natna nge tomato chuan a vei tih hre turin an tomato hmun an tlawh fo tur a nia, tomato hmuna an thil hmuh azirin tomato ven nana IPM hman tur an ruahman tur a ni. Tomato eichhetu rannung leh natna thlithlai tura loneituten tomato hmun an tlawh fo chuan rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi pawh an hmang tlem nge nge dawn a ni.

C. Pheromones thang kam

     Tomato rah khertu pangang leh a hnah eitu pangang thlahtu, lungphur thlahtu man nan Tomato hmunah Pheromone thang kam tur a ni a, tomato kung aia 1ft a sang ni se a tawk. Lungphur thlahtu rimtui hmanga hiptu ber (Lures) chu ni 15-25 danah khaw awmdan azirin thlak thin tur a ni. Nitin Pheromone thang chhunga tang Lungphur thlahtu chu lakchhuaha, tihhlum zel tur a ni. Tomato rah khertu pangang tana a hlauhawm chin chhinchhiahna ETL chu pheromone thanga nitin lungphur thlahtu 8-10 a tlak ziah chuan chu chu a ni.

D. Thleng dar eng leh thil ban thlun:

     Tomato tuihnang dawttu rannung te tak te te, heng rannung var te tak te te (whitefly) tomato hnah ei rangtu (thrips) te man nan hian thleng dar eng hun a ,puan ban sei tak chu tomato kungah thlun tur a ni. Thleng dar eng chhung lam hi tel/grease- a nuai mawm tur a ni. Hetiang bawk hian la kungah puan/tape ban thlun tur a ni a, tah chuan rannung te tak te te tam tak a lo tang dawn a ni.

     Thlai rulhut hian Tomato-ah zung sawrbawk a siam a, Reniform nematode hian a zung a tichhe bawk a. Tomato zunga thlai rulhut awm leh awm loh hriat nan rawng chi khat "Trypan Blue" an tih chu a hman theih a ni. Tomato zung chu Trypan Blue tuiah an chiah a, thlai rulhut tui bwm (egg sac) a awm chuan a rawng chu a dumpawl a lo ni a, tomato zung erawh chu ama rawng ngai rengin a awm a, a danglam ve lo. Rawng dumpawl zawng chu thlai rulhut tui bawm vek a ni. Tichuan tomato chinna hmun lei-a thlai rulhut awm leh awm loh chu hetiang hian a finfiah theih a ni.

E. Rannung, leh thlai rulhut hlauhawm chin ETL

     A eichhetu rannung leh natna laka tomato ven dan ruahman nan Economic Threshold level (ETL) hriat hi a pawimawh a ni. ETL hre turin tomato hmun i tlawh anga, Chik takin i en anga, eng ang rannungin nge ei, eng natna nge a vei, a thang tha em tih te i hre vek tur a ni. Tichuan tomato eichhetu chuan ETL a thlen dawn chuan a suat rem dan kawng i ruahman tur a ni.

Rannung thenkhat tana ETL chu a hnuai ami ang hi a ni.

Sl.No
Rannung/rulhut
ETL
1 Tomoto rah khertu pangang (fruit borer) Tomato kung khatah rannung tui pakhat zel a awmin/pangang pakhat zel a awmin/pangang kherchhiat tomato rah pakhat zel a awmin.
2 Tomato dawttu rannung var te tak te te Tomato hnah pakhat a rannung var thlawk thei (whitefly) tawh 4 zel a awmin
3 Tomato zung tichhetu rulhut (Reniform/root knot nematode) Lei gram khat a rita rulhut note (larvae) 2 zel a awmin

III. TOMATO VEN NANA IPM HMANTUR

A. Loneitu thiamsa

     (1) Tomato chin zawha French bean chin hian tomato vuai/thi natna a tlem thei.

     Tomato chin zawha vaimim, faisa, antam leh derhken chin hian tomato zung ti sawrbawk rulhut a tlem phah bawk.

     (2) Tomato tiak thi ( Pythium, Photophthora, Rhizoctonia) natna laka Tomato a him theih nan a chi kui tiahna (nursery beds) chu khap khat vela sanga pawngin siam tur a ni.

     (3) Tomato kuithiahna/thehtiah chu tomato chi theh hmain a lei chek phut vek ila, ran ek te telhin lei nen chawhpawlh vek bawk ila, a hnuah tuiin leih hnawng ila. Chumi hnu chuan theh tiah (nursery bed) chu sarang langtlang thei, phui tha takin khuh ila, a sir hniam lai pawh leiin vur ping vek bawk ila. Tichuan ni 15-21 chhung nisa em tir tur a ni. Ni sain hetiang chen a em hnu chuan tomato kuitiahna tur lei chunglanga awm hnim chi te, thlai rulhut leh a tui te, rannung tui, pangang leh buhchium te, natna hrik te a thi vek dawn a ni. Hetianga tih hi "Solarization" an ti a ni.

     (4) Nipui laia thuk deuh hleka lei lehphuta, hrut rual lo leh tui pe miah lo a ni saa pho zui hian leia awm rannung te, natna hrik te, thlai rulhut te leh hnim zung leh a bulbal te nisain a em hlum thei a ni.

     (5) Thlai kung, a hnah leh a zung hlui lakkhawma halral tur a ni, tichuan natna leh rulhut a tlem phah thei.

     (6) Tomato hmun hualvela vaimim, faisa, buhtun chin hian tomato hnah kir natna (Tomato Leaf Curl Virus) a tlem phah thei a ni.

     (7) Vau samfai leh bialko samfai hian sazu nghal tur a venga. Sazu kua awm apiang laih chhiat tur a ni.

B. Hmanraw dang hman

     (1) A tam thei ang ber rannungtui, pangang leh rannung dang vaia/mana, tihhlum vek tur a ni. Tomato hmuna thlai dang kung ro, a hnah leh a zung te lakkhawma halral tur a ni.

     (2) Rannung var te tak te te (whitefly) in Tomato an dawt loh nan leh a hnah kir natna (Leaf Curl Virus) tomato-in a kai loh nan tomato kui tiahna hmun (nursery bed) chu len sin takin khuh ila a tha.

     (3) Tomato dawttu rannung te tak te te man nan Thleng dar eng (yellow), a chhung lam t el/grease-a nuai mawm chu hectare khatah 10 tal tomato hmunah dah/hun tur a ni. Hetiang bawk hian puan ban 10 tal tomato kungah thlun tur a ni.

     (4) A zing thei ang ber tomato hmun chu tlawh tur a ni a, natna vei kung leh natna in a tihchhiat a hnah te vai a, natna vanga tomato rah tawih leh pangang eichhiat tomato rah te vai a, vauah paih tur a ni.

     (5) Tomato hmunah a rah khertu pangang a awm leh awm loh hre tura Lungphur thlahtu man nan Pheromone thang chu hectare khatah 5 kam tur a ni a, nitin lungphur thlahtu tla/tang chu lakchhuaha, chhiar hnuah tihhlum tur a ni.

     (6) Tomato a thar tlem nachhan ber chu a rah khertu pangang hi a ni. Tomato hmuna pangang lo lakawi tur hian pangang ei duh zawng tak Derhken chin ve tur a ni. Tomato kung tlar 16 dan zelah Derhken tlar khat chin tur a ni. Hetiang atan hian Tomato chi kui hma ni 15 -ah Derhken lo kui hmasak tur a ni a, tichuan ni 25 a upa tomato tiak leh ni 40 a upa derhken tiak chu a Phun rual theih dawn a ni. Derhken par-ah hian (pangang lo pianna) lungphur thlahtu chu a tui deuh ber a, a keu hmain a tui chu a tihchhiat vek theih a, a lo keu hman a nih pawhin derhken atang chuan tomato kungah pangang chu an vak kai tam lem lo. Chuvangin Derhken par chu lawrin rannung leh pangang tam tak a suat theih a ni. Tomato kara derhken chin vang hian tomato zung tisawrbawktu thlai rulhut (root knot nematode) a tlem phah bawk a ni.

C. Rannung tangkai leh hrik tangkai hman

     (a) Tomato leh chawhmeh lam chi thlai hmunah hian thlai eichhetu rannung leh pangang chi hrang hrang eitu, rannung tangkai tam tak a awm a, chung zinga a thenkhatte chu heng te hi a ni:-

     Tomato hnah eitu pangang (Spodoptera litura) suattu rannungtha te chu:- Trichogramma spp, Telenomus remus, Chilonus heliope, Chilonus blackburni, Cotesia colemani etc. Tomato hnah eitu keltelaimawm bial suattu rannungtha Chu:- Elasmus sp, Tretrastichus ovulorum etc. Tomato hrik (Aphids) suattu rannungtha chu khuavanglamdar etc. a ni.

     (b) Thlai eichhetu rannung mana, chawa ring thin (Predators) tam tak a awm bawka, Chung zinga thenkhatte chu heng te hi a ni:- Khuavanglamdar, tho chi khat Syrphids, Maimawm chi hrang hrang, Carabids, Stophylinids, Daidep, Daidepria, Thlangdar tangkai chi hrang hrang (Miridbugs, Pentatomid bugs, Nabid bugs, Redumid bugs Anthocoridbugs, Geocordid bugs), Rannung dawt thin maimawm te (mites) etc.

     (c) Heng rannung tha leh tangkai tak tak ho hi humhalha an inthlahpun zel theih nan a pawng atakin rannung thahna hlo kah mai mai loh tur a ni a, a tul tawpkhawkah chauh kah tur a ni.

     (d) Rannungtha ho an inthlahpun chak theih nan Tomato hmun hual vel leh bial kotlangah behlawi emaw behliang etc emaw chin tur a ni.

2. Hrik tangkai leh rannung tangkai khawi pun a Tomato hmuna chhuah:

     (1) Rannungtui tichhetu atan hectare khatah Trichogramma chilonis or T.brasiliensis or T.priteosum 50,000 (Trichocard 3) chu tomato par atangin kar khat danah tum 6 chhuah tur a ni.

     (2) Pangang suat nan hectare khatah Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki 500g kah (spray) tur a ni.

     (3) Tuh hmain Tomato chi (seed) 100gm leh Trichoderma viride/T.harzianum 2gm nuaipawlh tur a ni a, hei hian leia awm natna hrik lakah tomato chi a veng dawn a ni.

D. Rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi hman

     (1) Bacteria vanga Tomato kung vuai leh thi natna a tamna hmunah tomato chinna tur lei lehphut vek tawh, hectare khatah Bleaching Powder 15kg tomato Phun hmain thehdarh tur a ni.

     (2) Leia thlai rulhut tihrem nan Tomato kui tiahna hmun (nursery bed) ah Carbofuran 3G theh tur a ni.

     (3) Phun hmain tomato tiak zung (root) chu Streptocyline sulphate 100mg leh tui 100 litres chawhpawlhah chiah tur a ni. Hetiang chiah hi tomato rah sen kah nan hman tur a ni a, tichuan tomato rah chu bacteria vanga a tawih leh duk (Xanthomonas campestrispv vesicatoria) lakah a him dawn a ni.

     (4) Tomato dawttu rannung leh thlai rulhut suat nan Tomato hmunah Carbofuran 3G theh tur a ni.

     (5) Tomato rah khertu pangang (H.armigera)suat nan Dimecron 40EC @2ml leh tui Ilitre chawhpawlh kah tur a ni.

     (6) Tomato Phun hma, lei lehphut hnu, hnim la tiah hmain hnim tur Metribuzine kah tur a ni.

     (7) Sazu kua, a luahlaiah ngei Bromodiolone cake 0.005% tlang lian chu a tlangte tak te te 6 a phel hnuah, a kua pakhatah tlang khat zel thlak tur a ni.

IV. TOMATO THAN LEN LAM ZELA TUR

Sl.No
Tomato len lam
Rannung/natna/ thlai rulhut/sazu etc
IPM
1 A chi tuh/ hma 1) Leia awm natna hrik leh thlai rulhut

2) Leia awm rannungtui, pangang, rannung

3) Hnim

1) Nipui laiin thuk deuh hleka lei laiha nisaah pho tur

2) Hectare khatah Neem Cake 200kg thehdarh

3)Tomato kara Phun atan Derhken kui tur, Tomato kui hma ni 15ah tal Derhken hi kui tur. Derhken hi tomato rah khertu pangang (H.armigera)lakawitu atan a tangkai a ni.

4) Thlai rulhut tamnaah chuan tomato hmunah Carbofuran 3G theh tur

5) Hnim suat nan lei lehphut tawh saah, tomato Phun hmain, hnim tur Fluchloralin 4ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh kah tur, kah zawh veleh leia rih vur tur.

2 A chi kui, phunsawn 1) A tiak hnah rau

2) A tiak thi

3) A hnah rang, (a hreuh

rangtu pangang te chu (leaf miner a ni)

4) Tomato dawttu rannung var, te tak te (whitefly)

1) Tuh hmain tomato chi 100gm leh a tiak Trichodermaviride 2gm nuaipawlh tur a ni.

2) Tomato kuina thehtiah chu lei zawl atanga Leaf khap khat (10cm) tala sang a ni tur a ni.

3) A kuitiahna hmun (Nursery bed) ah chuan tomato chi chu pantea theh tur a ni.

4) Tomato tiak, ni 25-a upa leh Derhken tiak ni 40-a upa chu phunsawn tur a ni. Tomato tlar 16 danah Derhken flar 1 Phun tur a ni, tichuan Derhken chuan tomato rah khertu pangang (H.armigera) chu a lo lakawi anga, tomato in a him phah dawn a ni.

5) Nitrogen pai Fertilizer pek tam lutuk loh tur. Neem rah densawm tui (NSKE) 5m1 leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh-in tomato kah tur. A awm loh chuan Neem tui 4ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh-in tomato kah tur a ni. Tomato leh bean chin pawlh hian tomato hnah hreuh rangtu (Leaf miner) lakah tomato a him bik a ni.

6) Pangang leh rannung dang suat nan Dimecron 40 EC @2ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlha tomato kah tur a ni.

7) Tomato kui tiahna-a rannung var, tomato dawttu (whitefly) a luh theih loh nan len sinin tomato kuina chu hung tur a ni.

8) Tomato hmunah a chuklakin Thleng dar eng, a chhung lam tel/grease-a nuaimawm , hectare khatah 10 hun tur a ni. Chubakah puan ban hmun sawmah thlun bawk tur a ni. Hei hi rannung var (whitefly) man nan a tangkai a ni.

3 Tomato kung than lai 1) Tomato hnah no rau natna

2) Tomato hnah chang rau natna

3) Tomato hnah kir natna

1) Fai taka tomato hmun thlawh

2) Mancozeb 75WP @ 3gm leh tui 1litre duah chawhpawlh-a tomato kah tur a ni.

3) Natna vei tomato kung chu pawha, hal ral tur

4) A tul hunah tui pek zat zat tur.

5) Tomato hnah kir apiang pawha, hal ral tur

6) Pangang leh rannung dang sava-in an chuk theih nan Tomato hmun hectare khat-a zauah sava fukna 50, a chuklakin Phun tur a ni.

4 Tomato rah hmin, lawh hun 1) A hnah no leh a chang rau natna

2) A hnah kir natna

3) Tomato rah khertu pangang

4) A hnah eng natna (Mosaic)

5) Sazu

1) Fai taka tomato hmun thlawh tur

2) Captan @3gm leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh in tomato kah tur

3) Tomato hmunah Pheromone thang a chuklakin kam tur a ni. Zing tin rannung tla laka tihhlum tur, ni 15 danah rimtui bawm (Lures) chu thlak zel tur.

4) Tomato hmun hectare khatah Trichogramma chilonis.T Brasiliensis/T. priteosum 5000 chhuah tur a ni a, kar khat danah tum 6 chhuah tur a ni, hei hi rannung tui tichhetu atan a ni. A tam thei ang ber rannung leh pangang vaia, rahhlum tur.

5) Hectare khatah Helicoverpa NPV @ 250LE tum hnih ni 10 danah, tlai lamah kah tur ani.

6) Neem rah mu densawm tui (NSKE) @ 5m11ehtui 1litre chawhpawlh in tomato kah tur.

7) Baccillus thuringiensis var kurstaki chu hectare khatah 500gm kah tur a ni.

8) Tomato hnah kir leh a hnah eng apiang pawha, hal ral tur a ni.

9) Sazu kua, a luahlai ngeiah Bromodiolone 0.005% cake, a tlang te 6-a phel, kaw khatah tlang khat zel vawm luh tur a ni.

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